نشریه مطالعات اجتماعی گردشگری
پیاپی 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1391)

Religious tourism is one of the most popular types of tourismand multifunction cities are the most important places for attraction of these tourists. Different religions have their own patterns for pilgrimage trips In all, the aim is to achieve spiritual peace Tourism management of religious- pilgrimages and native models has basically different in that destination cities which they are following especially geographically and socially characteristics.This study reviews tourism management of two pilgrimages city Rome in Italy (Vatican) and Mashhad in Iran. Method of this research is comparative analysis and has been developed based on the management of tourist destinations model. Information was collected from documents and electronic resources.The results showed differences in the management structure and composition of tourism in the sample cities. Finally, recommendations offered to improve the Tourism Management in Mashhad, According to Rome's success and excellence in attracting and organizing religious and non-religious tourists.

Orumieh lake as the world's second largest lake, largest Permanent Watershed in West Asia and second largest natural habitats for animals in Iran and because of its environmental nature, important natural resources, climate geography and biodiversity can provide best field for national and international ecotourism attraction by proper and timely planning. So this study by descriptive- analytical research method and data collection approach include library and field methods, try to use SWOT analytical model for introducing this lake's ecotourism strengthes and weakness points and in line of tourism stable developing for this region, offer practical strategies along with sustainable development. Results of the survey shows that the strengths of the lake, such as plant species diversity, biodiversity including birds, salt water and bringing up green and blue algae, variety geomorphologic species in the region can make it a great tourism region in the conditions of practical and rigorous planning.

One of the most important questions raised in the tourismindustry of Iran is why some people can recognize entrepreneurship opportunities, while others do not have this ability. This research aims to explore individual factors influencing this issue in the field of Health Tourism. A mixed method approach was adopted. In the qualitative study, the initial conceptual model and research propositions were designed and developed through conducting 15 explorative interviews in a systematic way with the selected entrepreneurs. In the quantitative study, a questionnaire instrument was designed, and data were collected from 80 entrepreneurs operating in the field of Health Tourism in Mashhad. The effects of independent variables on dependent variable were examined using SPSS software. Furthermore, Friedman Test was used for ranking variables. The results indicate that 62 percent of dependent variables variance (opportunity recognition) is explained by the variables of personality traits and access to information and the remaining variance is explained by the other items. Moreover, based on insights from Friedman Test, the variables of access to information and entrepreneurial alertness ranked highest among the independent variables. This research can contribute to promoting entrepreneurship in the field of public health through recognizing individual factors effective for opportunity reorganization, and training and promoting them.

The aim of this study is to evaluate accommodation centers in Mashhad as the largest city for tourism in the country. Therefore, their services were investigated in seven parameters including: transportation and access, knowledge of the hotel staff, hotel location and the surrounding areas, local facilities and services in hotels, quality of hotel foods, education, security, and reliability. The study is descriptive one- analytical and documentary research has been done in two ways. The study statistical population consisted of 990,886 people in the city of Mashhad domestic tourists comprise 856 accommodation centers with a sample size of 360 was determined by sampling formula. The results of the factor analysis is the first variable factors related to satisfaction with convenient transportation access to the attractions from the hotel with a special rate (3.07) and the second variable is related to quality of hotel foods with eigenvalues (2.4). The results showed that test of assumptions between underlying variables with the satisfaction of service quality has a significant relationship.

this study aimed to identify risk zoning and development strategies for ecotourism activities, have been carried out in the city of Kouhdasht. The research - descriptive and analytical survey methods and libraries used to collect data. For analyze data from Arc GIS software and spatial analysis models of SWOT model for developing ecotourism sector strategies are used. The results indicate the potential for ecotourism in the northern part of the study area among the diverse activities in this sector, and Rock Climbing Activities is one of the important activity inthe development plan, this field should be considered., Southern parts is in average condition and other parts of the study area are not in good condition. Meanwhile, the strategy should be minimal - at least for development (activities) of ecotourism in the study area should be considered.

The goal of this article- as a survey research- is to study social factors that affect on tourist's satisfaction in Mashhad.We use questionnaire for data collecting and analyseing by EQS software in structural equation modeling format. The sample size is 200 martyer families who had been gone on trip in khorasan Razavi province. In sociology of consumtion; we can accept the tourist as a coustomer who wants to buy touristic services from the host society. We can accept the ECSI as an appropriate model, which is European customer satisfaction index. According to this theory, good services are not the main factors which can explain the trip satisfaction, but tourist's imagination from the host socity and expectations which is formed (base on it) are so important. Base on the model, the mean weight of trip satisfaction index has measured as 62.89 (0-100 range). The variable of Perceived quality (beta: .43) is the most efficient ones.

The objective of this study is evaluating and suggesting optimal strategies to develop employment in religious tourism sector in Mashhad. Analytical tools like QSPM Matrix, SWOT and IE were used for the year of 1390. Results of the IE matrix showed that the strategic position of employment in the religious tourism sector in Mashhad, is the defensive strategy. In the SWOT matrix, the defensive strategies which are the most effective for planning and improving in employment in the religious tourism sector were selected and eventually these defensive strategies were prioritized using the matrix QSPM based on their attractive scores. Based on the priority result, "promoting technical and professional knowledge for labor force in religious tourism sector", "preparing appropriate outlines for employment in religious tourism" and "creating new and sustainable employment opportunities based on labor market demand" were selected respectively. Considering the results of the study, some suggestions have been proposed to achieve the better implementation of these strategies.

Iran is a country with the greatest natural attraction, historical and cultural heritage in the world, long history of civilization and culture, nature, diverse climate conditions and other factors. With considering these advantages, Iran has the significant tourism power. This paper aims to explain the economic structure and performance position of the Damavand city from the perspective of sustainable tourism. Research method is descriptive analytic. At first, we describe the relevant theoretical principles of sustainable tourism and the characteristics of the case study area and then the economic- functional indicators has evaluated and analyzed by using SWOT technique. Research approach, is both quantitatively and qualitatively, because the researcher will use a set of qualitative criteria in addition to quantitative measures for better analysis and then this criterion has weighted using SWOT-QSPM technique. The data collection methods are both library, documentary and field study, in addition the questionnaire is provided. The results obtained shows that the weighted score of internal factor evaluation matrix is 3.224. So, the strengths in the economicalperformance structure of Damavand city overcome weaknesses. What is more, total weighted score of external factor evaluation matrix is equal to 3.347, which is more than the mean number. That means the opportunities overcome threats. As a result, the type of strategy in economic performance structure of Damavand city is S-O strategy, and extracted strategies are moving towards sustainable development of tourism.

Border market development, prices stability, and directing of trade profits, will increase employment and prosperity for the Border zones. Comprehensive identification and analysis of market factors on tourist satisfaction, increased retention rates, supporting the increasing number of tourists and the destination is the result of long-term economic success. This research want to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the satisfaction level of tourists from the border market deals. The study of research methods, descriptive - analytical, and applied for the purpose of gathering information for a research library and field. For data collection, a questionnaire consisting of 26 components were distributed among 254 cases of tourists and data analysis techniques of factor analysis and cluster analysis, using the SPSS software will be discussed. The results of the factor analysis of the four factors reduced the 64.011% of the variance and from the other four factors, economic factor alone, 35.874% of the variance and covers the most important markets have an impact on tourist's satisfaction.